ABSTRACT
Background: Considering nitric oxide [NO] has an important role in many biologic processes of cells and tissues such as in the digestive system. In this system nitric oxide acts as a second messenger in pathological and physiological events in gastrointestinal region
We investigated the effects of L-NG-Nitro arginine Methyl Ester [L-NAME] as the NO formation inhibitor on parietal cells of stomach in pregnant rats
Methods: Twenty four female rats with eight weeks old and 200-250 g weight were prepared and used in this study
After matting of the female rats with the male rats, time of observing vaginal plaque considered as the zero day of pregnancy. Then the animals were divided into three groups of studying. Each group was containing eight rats. In this study, except the control group, the saline group received 2 ml/kg normal saline and experimental group received 20 ml/kg L-NAME interaperitoneally [IP], respectively on third, fourth, and fifth days of pregnancy for evaluation of its effects. On the 18th day of pregnancy, after anesthesia with ether, the animals were killed and dissected and the laparotomy was performed to separate the mother's stomach
Then, the stomach was fixed in 10% formalin and after tissue passage, the sections were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin [HandE]
Then the changes of count and diameter in parietal cells were observed via light microscopy and Image Tools III
Results: This study after analysis showed the significant changes in parietal cells count [mean 61.3+/-4.32] and its diameters [mean 16.12+/-1.18 m] in L-NAME group in comparison to control and the sham groups in pregnant rats [P<0.05]
Conclusion: Results of this study showed L-NAME with effects on NO synthesis can reduce parietal cells count and increase its diameter in pregnant rats and has destructive effects on structure of stomach parietal cells in pregnancy rats
ABSTRACT
Background: Achillea millefolium or yarrow is a native plant in Europe and Iran. Yarrow has been used as a medicine historically, mainly because of its astringent effects. It is reported to be associated with the treatment of several ailments. Nowadays use of plants for medical purpose has become very common. Achillea millefolium L, Yarrow, is being used in traditional and modern medicine due to various chemical compounds. Considering the importance of birth control, finding a drug with less side effects inhibiting spermatogenesis seems to be necessary. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of ethanol extract of Achillea millefolium L. on spermato-genesis of male wistar rats
Methods: In this study, 32 adult male wistar rats were used. The animals were divided to four groups of eight rats. The first group, received 200 mg/kg Achillea millefolium L. interaperitoneally, the second and third groups received 400, 800 mg/kg Achillea millefolium L. interaperitoneally, respectively. In the fourth group [control] distilled water was administered. After 20 days, the rats were sacrificed and testis tissues were histologically evaluated
Results: Comparing to control group, in the experimental groups received the high doses of the extract, thickening of seminiferous tubules basement membrane, loss of germinal epithelium and testicular hyperemia were demonstrated [P<0.001]
Conclusion: Based on the results, high concentrations of Achillea millefolium L. leaded to structural and spermatogenesis changes in testis tissue